@searsuite/sear-domain-formula-engine-ts

Caches incremental aggregate results for large formula ranges.

Host-driven async cache. read() never starts work or returns a Promise.

Tracks formula dependencies, dirty propagation, evaluation readiness, and cycles.

Host-driven OLAP cache. Formula evaluation reads synchronously and never starts connection I/O.

Evaluates parsed formulas against an explicit host-provided context.

Mutable, deterministic guard against unbounded formula work.

Tokenized editor-local external-service registry with isolated listener failures.

Formats the shared FormulaAST back to formula source text.

Host-driven cache for AI, import, finance, and translation formulas.

Case-insensitive lexical scope for LET bindings.

Parses formula source and rewrites structural references.

Host-driven STOCKHISTORY cache; the loader owns transport, credentials, policy, and normalization.

Default tokenized editor-local registry for metadata and cached external formula services.

Host-driven WEBSERVICE cache; loaders own HTTP status checks, cancellation, and network policy.

Public contract for IFunctionRegistry.

Web host adapter: browsers cannot resolve or invoke native add-in procedures.

Coupon schedule resolved around a bond settlement date.

Options passed to locale-aware formula date/time parsers.

FunctionRegistry public API.

Parsed A1 cell reference.

Workbook name resolution used while formatting formula source.

Built-in locale identifiers registered by sear-plugin-i18n.

Excel financial day-count conventions.

ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number.

=ABS(-2) returns 2.

ACCRINT: accrued interest for a periodically paying security.

ACCRINTM: accrued interest for a security paying interest at maturity.

ACOS: Returns the arccosine of a number in radians.

=ACOS(1) returns 0.

ACOSH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.

=ACOSH(2) returns approximately 1.316957897.

ACOT: Returns the arccotangent of a number in radians.

=ACOT(1) returns pi/4.

ACOTH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number.

=ACOTH(2) returns approximately 0.549306144.

ADD returns the sum of two values. Example: =ADD(2,3) returns 5.

ADDRESS returns an A1 or R1C1 address. Example: =ADDRESS(2,3) returns $C$2.

AGGREGATE: Applies an aggregate operation while honoring options for hidden rows and errors.

=AGGREGATE(4,6,{1,2,3}) returns 3.

AI reads a Gemini result from a host-managed cache. Example: =AI("Summarize",A1) returns cached generated text.

AMORDEGRC: declining-balance depreciation with a French accounting coefficient.

AMORLINC: straight-line depreciation prorated over the first period.

AND: Returns TRUE when every supplied logical value is TRUE.

=AND(TRUE,1)

ARABIC: Converts a Roman numeral text value to an Arabic number.

=ARABIC("MCMXCIX") returns 1999.

AREAS counts areas in a reference. Example: =AREAS(A1:B2) returns 1.

ARRAY_CONSTRAIN limits an array to a row and column count. Example: =ARRAY_CONSTRAIN(A1:C3,2,1).

ARRAYFORMULA exposes an expression's array result. Example: =ARRAYFORMULA({1,2}*2) returns {2,4}.

Converts an array to concise or strict text. Example: ARRAYTOTEXT({1,"A"},1) returns "{1,"A"}".

Converts full-width DBCS characters to half-width characters. Example: ASC("ＡＢＣ") returns "ABC".

ASIN: Returns the arcsine of a number in radians.

=ASIN(0) returns 0.

ASINH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.

=ASINH(0) returns 0.

ATAN: Returns the arctangent of a number in radians.

=ATAN(0) returns 0.

ATAN2: Returns the angle from an X and Y coordinate pair in radians.

=ATAN2(1,0) returns 0.

ATANH: Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.

=ATANH(0) returns 0.

AVEDEV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible AVEDEV statistical function. Example: =AVEDEV(1,2,3).

AVERAGE: Returns the arithmetic mean of numeric values.

=AVERAGE(10,20,30) returns 20.

AVERAGE_WEIGHTED formula. Computes a weighted arithmetic mean. Example: =AVERAGE_WEIGHTED({10,20},{1,3}) returns 17.5.

AVERAGE.WEIGHTED is the dotted Google Sheets alias. Example: =AVERAGE.WEIGHTED({10,20},{1,3}) returns 17.5.

AVERAGEA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible AVERAGEA statistical function. Example: =AVERAGEA(1,2,3).

AVERAGEIF formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible AVERAGEIF statistical function. Example: =AVERAGEIF(1,2,3).

AVERAGEIFS formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible AVERAGEIFS statistical function. Example: =AVERAGEIFS(1,2,3).

Spells a number as Thai baht and satang. Example: BAHTTEXT(1234) returns Thai amount text.

BASE: Converts a nonnegative integer to text in a selected radix.

=BASE(31,16) returns "1F".

BETA.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible BETA.DIST statistical function. Example: =BETA.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

BETA.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible BETA.INV statistical function. Example: =BETA.INV(0.5,1,1).

BETADIST compatibility formula: Returns the cumulative beta distribution using the legacy signature.

=BETADIST(2,8,10,1,3)

BETAINV compatibility formula: Returns the inverse cumulative beta distribution.

=BETAINV(0.685470581,8,10,1,3)

BINOM.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible BINOM.DIST statistical function. Example: =BINOM.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

BINOM.DIST.RANGE formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible BINOM.DIST.RANGE statistical function. Example: =BINOM.DIST.RANGE(1,1,TRUE).

BINOM.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible BINOM.INV statistical function. Example: =BINOM.INV(0.5,1,1).

BINOMDIST compatibility formula: Returns a binomial probability using the legacy function name.

=BINOMDIST(6,10,0.5,FALSE)

Built-in locale identifiers registered by sear-plugin-i18n.

Calls a host-authorized add-in procedure by registration id or module signature. Example: =CALL("example","entry","JJ",1) invokes entry with the argument 1.

CEILING compatibility formula: Rounds a number up to a legacy significance multiple.

=CEILING(2.5,1)

CEILING.MATH: Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple.

=CEILING.MATH(24.3,5) returns 25.

CEILING.PRECISE: Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple, using an absolute direction.

=CEILING.PRECISE(-4.3,2) returns -4.

CELL: Returns information about a referenced cell.

=CELL("row",B3)

Returns the character for a code-page number. Example: CHAR(65) returns "A".

CHIDIST compatibility formula: Returns the right-tailed chi-square probability.

=CHIDIST(18.307,10)

CHIINV compatibility formula: Returns the inverse right-tailed chi-square value.

=CHIINV(0.05,10)

Chinese Excel-style date/time text parser and formatter.

Chinese symbols consumed by the shared Excel-compatible date/time parser.

CHISQ.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CHISQ.DIST statistical function. Example: =CHISQ.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

CHISQ.DIST.RT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CHISQ.DIST.RT statistical function. Example: =CHISQ.DIST.RT(1,1,TRUE).

CHISQ.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CHISQ.INV statistical function. Example: =CHISQ.INV(0.5,1,1).

CHISQ.INV.RT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CHISQ.INV.RT statistical function. Example: =CHISQ.INV.RT(0.5,1,1).

CHISQ.TEST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CHISQ.TEST statistical function. Example: =CHISQ.TEST(1,2,3).

CHITEST compatibility formula: Returns the chi-square independence test probability.

=CHITEST({58,35;11,25},{45,48;24,22})

CHOOSE selects a value by index. Example: =CHOOSE(2,"A","B") returns B.

CHOOSECOLS selects columns from an array. Example: =CHOOSECOLS(A1:C2,1,3).

CHOOSEROWS selects rows from an array. Example: =CHOOSEROWS(A1:C3,1,3).

Excel-compatible CJK text locale where wide CJK code points count as two bytes.

Removes ASCII control characters 0 through 31. Example: CLEAN(CHAR(9)&"A") returns "A".

Returns the code of the first character. Example: CODE("A") returns 65.

COLUMN returns a reference's first column number. Example: =COLUMN(C5) returns 3.

COLUMNS returns the number of columns in a reference. Example: =COLUMNS(A1:C2) returns 3.

COMBIN: Returns the number of combinations for choosing items without repetition.

=COMBIN(8,2) returns 28.

COMBINA: Returns the number of combinations for choosing items with repetition.

=COMBINA(4,3) returns 20.

Legacy alias for the default parser, which now falls back to English symbols.

Joins text and ranges without a delimiter. Example: CONCAT("A",1) returns "A1".

Legacy text concatenation. Example: CONCATENATE("Hello"," World") returns "Hello World".

CONFIDENCE compatibility formula: Returns a normal-distribution confidence interval.

=CONFIDENCE(0.05,2.5,50)

CONFIDENCE.NORM formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CONFIDENCE.NORM statistical function. Example: =CONFIDENCE.NORM(1,2,3).

CONFIDENCE.T formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CONFIDENCE.T statistical function. Example: =CONFIDENCE.T(1,2,3).

CORREL formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible CORREL statistical function. Example: =CORREL(1,2,3).

COS: Returns the cosine of an angle in radians.

=COS(0) returns 1.

COSH: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

=COSH(0) returns 1.

COT: Returns the cotangent of an angle in radians.

=COT(RADIANS(45)) returns 1.

COTH: Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of a number.

=COTH(1) returns approximately 1.313035285.

COUNT function definition.

COUNTA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible COUNTA statistical function. Example: =COUNTA(1,2,3).

COUNTBLANK formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible COUNTBLANK statistical function. Example: =COUNTBLANK(1,2,3).

COUNTIF formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible COUNTIF statistical function. Example: =COUNTIF(1,2,3).

COUNTIFS formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible COUNTIFS statistical function. Example: =COUNTIFS(1,2,3).

COUNTUNIQUE counts distinct values. Example: =COUNTUNIQUE(1,1,2) returns 2.

COUPDAYBS: days from the beginning of a coupon period to settlement.

COUPDAYS: number of days in the coupon period containing settlement.

COUPDAYSNC: days from settlement to the next coupon.

COUPNCD: next coupon date after settlement.

COUPNUM: number of coupons remaining after settlement.

COUPPCD: previous coupon date before settlement.

COVAR compatibility formula: Returns population covariance for two data sets.

=COVAR({2,4,8},{5,11,12})

COVARIANCE.P formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible COVARIANCE.P statistical function. Example: =COVARIANCE.P(1,2,3).

COVARIANCE.S formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible COVARIANCE.S statistical function. Example: =COVARIANCE.S(1,2,3).

CRITBINOM compatibility formula: Returns the smallest binomial value meeting a cumulative probability.

=CRITBINOM(6,0.5,0.75)

CSC: Returns the cosecant of an angle in radians.

=CSC(PI()/2) returns 1.

CSCH: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a number.

=CSCH(1) returns approximately 0.850918128.

Returns a typed KPI property member. Example: CUBEKPIMEMBER("Sales","Revenue KPI",KPIGoal).

Returns a typed cube member or tuple. Example: CUBEMEMBER("Sales","[Time].[Fiscal].[2004]").

Returns one property of a cube member. Example: CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY("Sales","[Time].[2004]","Name").

Returns the member at a one-based set rank. Example: CUBERANKEDMEMBER("Sales",A1,1).

Returns a typed OLAP set. Example: CUBESET("Sales","[Product].Members","Products").

Returns the item count of a CUBESET result. Example: CUBESETCOUNT(A1).

Returns an aggregated cube value. Example: CUBEVALUE("Sales","[Measures].[Profit]").

CUMIPMT: cumulative interest paid between two periods.

CUMPRINC: cumulative principal paid between two periods.

DATE: Creates an Excel date serial from year, month, and day parts. Example: =DATE(2024,2,29) returns 45351.

DATEDIF: Returns the elapsed days, months, or years between two dates. Example: =DATEDIF("1/1/2001","1/1/2003","Y") returns 2.

DATEVALUE: Converts date text into an Excel date serial. Example: =DATEVALUE("22-MAY-2011") returns 40685.

DAVERAGE: Returns the average of matching numeric database records.

=DAVERAGE(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DAY: Returns the day of month for a date serial. Example: =DAY("2011-4-15") returns 15.

DAYS: Returns the number of days between an end date and a start date. Example: =DAYS("2021-12-31","2021-1-1") returns 364.

DAYS360: Returns the day difference using a 360-day accounting year. Example: =DAYS360("2011-1-1","2011-12-31") returns 360.

DB: fixed-declining balance depreciation.

Converts half-width characters to full-width DBCS characters. Example: DBCS("ABC") returns "ＡＢＣ".

DCOUNT: Counts matching database records containing numbers.

=DCOUNT(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DCOUNTA: Counts matching nonblank database records.

=DCOUNTA(A1:C5,"Name",E1:F2)

DDB: double-declining or custom-factor depreciation.

DECIMAL: Converts text in a selected radix to a decimal number.

=DECIMAL("1010",2) returns 10.

DEGREES: Converts an angle from radians to degrees.

=DEGREES(PI()) returns 180.

Reads language detection from the host cache. Example: DETECTLANGUAGE("hello") commonly returns "en".

DEVSQ formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible DEVSQ statistical function. Example: =DEVSQ(1,2,3).

DGET: Returns the single field value from exactly one matching record.

=DGET(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DISC: annualized discount rate for a discounted security.

DIVIDE divides one value by another. Example: =DIVIDE(6,2) returns 3.

DMAX: Returns the largest matching numeric database value.

=DMAX(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DMIN: Returns the smallest matching numeric database value.

=DMIN(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

Formats a number as currency text. Example: DOLLAR(1234.5,2) returns "$1,234.50".

DOLLARDE: converts a fractional dollar price to a decimal price.

DOLLARFR: converts a decimal dollar price to a fractional price.

DPRODUCT: Multiplies matching numeric database values.

=DPRODUCT(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DROP removes rows and columns. Example: =DROP(A1:C3,1) removes the first row.

DSTDEV: Returns the sample standard deviation of matching records.

=DSTDEV(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DSTDEVP: Returns the population standard deviation of matching records.

=DSTDEVP(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DSUM: Sums matching numeric database values.

=DSUM(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DURATION: Macaulay duration of a coupon security.

DVAR: Returns the sample variance of matching records.

=DVAR(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

DVARP: Returns the population variance of matching records.

=DVARP(A1:C5,"Sales",E1:F2)

EDATE: Returns the date serial offset by a whole number of months. Example: =EDATE("2011-1-15",2) returns 40617.

EFFECT: effective annual interest rate.

Encodes text as an RFC 3986 UTF-8 URL component. Example: ENCODEURL("a b") returns "a%20b".

English Excel-style date/time text parser and formatter.

English symbols consumed by the shared Excel-compatible date/time parser.

EOMONTH: Returns the last day of the month offset from a start date. Example: =EOMONTH("2011-1-1",1) returns 40602.

EPOCHTODATE converts a Unix timestamp to an Excel UTC date-time serial. Example: =EPOCHTODATE(0) returns 25569.

EQ tests two values for equality. Example: =EQ(2,2) returns TRUE.

ERROR.TYPE: Returns the numeric code for an error value.

=ERROR.TYPE(NA())

Converts between the euro and legacy euro-member currencies using fixed EU rates. Example: =EUROCONVERT(1.2,"DEM","EUR") returns 0.61.

EVEN: Rounds a number away from zero to the nearest even integer.

=EVEN(1.5) returns 2.

Compares two strings with case sensitivity. Example: EXACT("A","a") returns FALSE.

EXP: Returns e raised to the specified power.

=EXP(0) returns 1.

EXPAND pads an array. Example: =EXPAND(A1:B2,3,3,0).

EXPON.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible EXPON.DIST statistical function. Example: =EXPON.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

EXPONDIST compatibility formula: Returns an exponential distribution value.

=EXPONDIST(0.2,10,TRUE)

F.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible F.DIST statistical function. Example: =F.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

F.DIST.RT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible F.DIST.RT statistical function. Example: =F.DIST.RT(1,1,TRUE).

F.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible F.INV statistical function. Example: =F.INV(0.5,1,1).

F.INV.RT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible F.INV.RT statistical function. Example: =F.INV.RT(0.5,1,1).

F.TEST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible F.TEST statistical function. Example: =F.TEST(1,2,3).

FACT: Returns the factorial of a nonnegative integer.

=FACT(5) returns 120.

FACTDOUBLE: Returns the double factorial of a nonnegative integer.

=FACTDOUBLE(7) returns 105.

FALSE: Returns the logical value FALSE.

=FALSE()

FDIST compatibility formula: Returns the right-tailed F distribution probability.

=FDIST(15.2069,6,4)

FILTER returns rows matching a Boolean include array. Example: =FILTER(A1:B3,{TRUE;FALSE;TRUE}).

Extracts XPath matches from XML as a spilling column. Example: FILTERXML("<r><v>A</v></r>","//v") returns A.

All built-in financial worksheet functions.

Finds case-sensitive text and returns a one-based position. Example: FIND("b","abc") returns 2.

Finds case-sensitive text using locale-defined DBCS byte positions. Example: FINDB("b", "abc") returns 2.

FINV compatibility formula: Returns the inverse right-tailed F distribution.

=FINV(0.01,6,4)

FISHER formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FISHER statistical function. Example: =FISHER(1,2,3).

FISHERINV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FISHERINV statistical function. Example: =FISHERINV(0.5,1,1).

Formats rounded fixed-decimal text. Example: FIXED(1234.567,1) returns "1,234.6".

FLATTEN combines one or more arrays into a single column. Example: =FLATTEN(A1:B2,C1:C2).

FLOOR compatibility formula: Rounds a number down to a legacy significance multiple.

=FLOOR(2.5,1)

FLOOR.MATH: Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple.

=FLOOR.MATH(-8.1,2) returns -10.

FLOOR.PRECISE: Rounds a number down to the nearest multiple using an absolute direction.

=FLOOR.PRECISE(-3.2,1) returns -4.

FORECAST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FORECAST statistical function. Example: =FORECAST(1,2,3).

FORECAST.ETS formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FORECAST.ETS statistical function. Example: =FORECAST.ETS(1,2,3).

FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT statistical function. Example: =FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT(1,2,3).

FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY statistical function. Example: =FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY(1,2,3).

FORECAST.ETS.STAT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FORECAST.ETS.STAT statistical function. Example: =FORECAST.ETS.STAT(1,2,3).

FORECAST.LINEAR formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FORECAST.LINEAR statistical function. Example: =FORECAST.LINEAR(1,2,3).

FORMULATEXT returns source text for a formula cell. Example: =FORMULATEXT(A1).

FREQUENCY formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible FREQUENCY statistical function. Example: =FREQUENCY(1,2,3).

FTEST compatibility formula: Returns the two-tailed F-test probability.

=FTEST({1,2,3},{1,2,4})

FV: future value of an annuity.

FVSCHEDULE: future value using a series of variable rates.

GAMMA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GAMMA statistical function. Example: =GAMMA(1,2,3).

GAMMA.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GAMMA.DIST statistical function. Example: =GAMMA.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

GAMMA.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GAMMA.INV statistical function. Example: =GAMMA.INV(0.5,1,1).

GAMMADIST compatibility formula: Returns a gamma distribution value.

=GAMMADIST(10,9,2,TRUE)

GAMMAINV compatibility formula: Returns an inverse gamma distribution value.

=GAMMAINV(0.068094,9,2)

GAMMALN formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GAMMALN statistical function. Example: =GAMMALN(1,2,3).

GAMMALN.PRECISE formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GAMMALN.PRECISE statistical function. Example: =GAMMALN.PRECISE(1,2,3).

GAUSS formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GAUSS statistical function. Example: =GAUSS(1,2,3).

GCD: Returns the greatest common divisor of numeric values.

=GCD(24,36) returns 12.

GEOMEAN formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GEOMEAN statistical function. Example: =GEOMEAN(1,2,3).

GETPIVOTDATA reads a host pivot data service. Example: =GETPIVOTDATA("Sales",A1).

GOOGLEFINANCE reads market data from a host-managed cache. Example: =GOOGLEFINANCE("NASDAQ:GOOG","price") returns cached price data.

GOOGLETRANSLATE reads a translation from a host-managed cache. Example: =GOOGLETRANSLATE("hello","en","zh-CN") returns cached text.

GROUPBY groups rows by a key and aggregates values by sum. Example: =GROUPBY(A2:A5,B2:B5,SUM).

GROWTH formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible GROWTH statistical function. Example: =GROWTH(1,2,3).

GT tests whether the first value is greater. Example: =GT(3,2) returns TRUE.

GTE tests whether the first value is at least the second. Example: =GTE(2,2) returns TRUE.

HARMEAN formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible HARMEAN statistical function. Example: =HARMEAN(1,2,3).

HLOOKUP searches a table's first row. Example: =HLOOKUP("B",A1:C2,2,FALSE).

HOUR: Returns the hour component from a time or date-time value. Example: =HOUR("2011-7-18 7:45") returns 7.

HSTACK joins arrays horizontally. Example: =HSTACK({1;2},{3;4}).

HYPERLINK returns display text for a host-rendered link. Example: =HYPERLINK("https://example.com","Open").

HYPGEOM.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible HYPGEOM.DIST statistical function. Example: =HYPGEOM.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

HYPGEOMDIST compatibility formula: Returns the non-cumulative hypergeometric probability.

=HYPGEOMDIST(1,4,8,20)

Returns one value when a condition is true and another when it is false.

IFERROR: Replaces a formula error with a fallback value.

=IFERROR(1/0,0) returns 0.

IFNA: Returns a fallback only when the input is #N/A.

=IFNA(NA(),0)

IFS: Returns the value paired with the first TRUE condition.

=IFS(A1>90,"A",A1>80,"B",TRUE,"C")

IMAGE reads a host-managed image cache. Example: =IMAGE("https://example.com/logo.png").

IMPORTDATA reads CSV or TSV data from a host-managed cache. Example: =IMPORTDATA("https://example.com/data.csv") returns cached rows.

IMPORTFEED reads RSS or Atom data from a host-managed cache. Example: =IMPORTFEED("https://example.com/feed.xml") returns cached feed rows.

IMPORTHTML reads an HTML table or list from a host-managed cache. Example: =IMPORTHTML("https://example.com","table",1) returns cached rows.

IMPORTRANGE reads another spreadsheet through a host-managed cache. Example: =IMPORTRANGE("sheet-id","A1:B2") returns cached cells.

IMPORTXML reads XPath-selected data from a host-managed cache. Example: =IMPORTXML("https://example.com","//title") returns cached nodes.

INDEX returns a value or subarray by row and column. Example: =INDEX(A1:C3,2,3).

INDIRECT resolves text to a reference. Example: =INDIRECT("A1") returns A1.

INFO: Returns host or workbook environment information.

=INFO("numfile")

INT: Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

=INT(-0.1) returns -1.

INTERCEPT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible INTERCEPT statistical function. Example: =INTERCEPT(1,2,3).

INTRATE: annualized interest rate of a fully invested security.

IPMT: interest payment for a period.

IRR: periodic internal rate of return.

ISBETWEEN tests whether a value lies between bounds. Example: =ISBETWEEN(5,1,10) returns TRUE.

ISBLANK: Returns TRUE only for a genuinely empty referenced cell.

=ISBLANK(A1)

ISDATE reports whether a value is a valid date or date serial. Example: =ISDATE("2024-02-29") returns TRUE.

ISEMAIL checks common email-address syntax without contacting a server. Example: =ISEMAIL("a@example.com") returns TRUE.

ISERR: Returns TRUE for errors other than #N/A.

=ISERR(1/0)

ISERROR: Returns TRUE for any formula error.

=ISERROR(1/0)

ISEVEN: Returns TRUE when a number is even.

=ISEVEN(4)

ISFORMULA: Returns TRUE when a referenced cell contains a formula.

=ISFORMULA(A1)

ISLOGICAL: Returns TRUE for logical values.

=ISLOGICAL(TRUE)

ISNA: Returns TRUE only for #N/A.

=ISNA(NA())

ISNONTEXT: Returns TRUE for non-text values.

=ISNONTEXT(42)

ISNUMBER: Returns TRUE for numeric values.

=ISNUMBER(42)

ISO.CEILING: Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple.

=ISO.CEILING(-4.3,2) returns -4.

ISODD: Returns TRUE when a number is odd.

=ISODD(3)

ISOWEEKNUM: Returns the ISO 8601 week number for a date. Example: =ISOWEEKNUM("2012-3-9") returns 10.

ISPMT: interest paid during a specific period of an investment.

ISREF: Returns TRUE when its argument preserves reference identity.

=ISREF(A1)

ISTEXT: Returns TRUE for text values.

=ISTEXT("text")

ISURL checks whether text is an absolute URL. Example: =ISURL("https://example.com") returns TRUE.

Converts half-width text to Japanese full-width text. Example: JIS("ABC ｶ") returns "ＡＢＣ　カ".

JOIN concatenates values with a delimiter. Example: =JOIN("-",{1,2,3}) returns "1-2-3".

KURT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible KURT statistical function. Example: =KURT(1,2,3).

LARGE formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible LARGE statistical function. Example: =LARGE(1,2,3).

LCM: Returns the least common multiple of numeric values.

=LCM(4,6) returns 12.

Returns characters from the start of text. Example: LEFT("Sale",2) returns "Sa".

Returns leading text limited by a locale-defined DBCS byte count. Example: LEFTB("abc", 2) returns "ab".

Returns the UTF-16 character count used by Excel compatibility mode. Example: LEN("Excel") returns 5.

Returns text length measured in locale-defined DBCS bytes. Example: LENB("abc") returns 3.

LET: Evaluates sequential name/value bindings in a child lexical scope.

=LET(rate,2,amount,5,rate*amount) returns 10.

LINEST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible LINEST statistical function. Example: =LINEST(1,2,3).

LN: Returns the natural logarithm of a positive number.

=LN(1) returns 0.

LOG: Returns the logarithm of a number for a specified base.

=LOG(8,2) returns 3.

LOG10: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a positive number.

=LOG10(100) returns 2.

LOGEST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible LOGEST statistical function. Example: =LOGEST(1,2,3).

LOGINV compatibility formula: Returns the inverse lognormal distribution.

=LOGINV(0.039084,3.5,1.2)

LOGNORM.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible LOGNORM.DIST statistical function. Example: =LOGNORM.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

LOGNORM.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible LOGNORM.INV statistical function. Example: =LOGNORM.INV(0.5,1,1).

LOGNORMDIST compatibility formula: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.

=LOGNORMDIST(4,3.5,1.2)

LOOKUP performs approximate vector lookup. Example: =LOOKUP(2,{1,2,3},{"A","B","C"}) returns B.

Names implemented by the lookup/reference and dynamic-array family.

Converts letters to lowercase. Example: LOWER("Excel") returns "excel".

LT tests whether the first value is smaller. Example: =LT(2,3) returns TRUE.

LTE tests whether the first value is no greater than the second. Example: =LTE(2,2) returns TRUE.

MARGINOFERROR formula. Estimates the normal confidence margin for a sample. Example: =MARGINOFERROR(0.95,A1:A10).

MATCH returns the position of a lookup value. Example: =MATCH("B",{"A";"B"},0) returns 2.

MAX formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MAX statistical function. Example: =MAX(1,2,3).

MAXA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MAXA statistical function. Example: =MAXA(1,2,3).

MAXIFS formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MAXIFS statistical function. Example: =MAXIFS(1,2,3).

MDETERM: Returns the determinant of a square matrix.

=MDETERM({1,2;3,4}) returns -2.

MDURATION: modified duration of a coupon security.

MEDIAN formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MEDIAN statistical function. Example: =MEDIAN(1,2,3).

Returns a substring by one-based start and length. Example: MID("Fluid Flow",7,4) returns "Flow".

Returns text from a locale-defined DBCS byte position. Example: MIDB("abc", 2, 1) returns "b".

MIN formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MIN statistical function. Example: =MIN(1,2,3).

MINA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MINA statistical function. Example: =MINA(1,2,3).

MINIFS formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MINIFS statistical function. Example: =MINIFS(1,2,3).

MINUS subtracts the second value from the first. Example: =MINUS(5,2) returns 3.

MINUTE: Returns the minute component from a time or date-time value. Example: =MINUTE("12:45 PM") returns 45.

MINVERSE: Returns the inverse matrix for a square, nonsingular matrix.

=MINVERSE({1,2;3,4}) returns {-2,1;1.5,-0.5}.

MIRR: modified internal rate of return.

MMULT: Returns the matrix product of two compatible arrays.

=MMULT({1,2},{3;4}) returns 11.

MOD: Returns the remainder after division.

=MOD(-3,2) returns 1.

MODE compatibility formula: Returns the most frequent numeric value.

=MODE(1,1,2,3)

MODE.MULT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MODE.MULT statistical function. Example: =MODE.MULT(1,2,3).

MODE.SNGL formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible MODE.SNGL statistical function. Example: =MODE.SNGL(1,2,3).

MONTH: Returns the month number for a date serial. Example: =MONTH("2011-4-15") returns 4.

MROUND: Rounds a number to the nearest specified multiple.

=MROUND(10,3) returns 9.

MULTINOMIAL: Returns the multinomial coefficient for a set of numbers.

=MULTINOMIAL(1,1,1) returns 6.

MULTIPLY multiplies two values. Example: =MULTIPLY(3,4) returns 12.

MUNIT: Returns an identity matrix of the requested size.

=MUNIT(2) returns {1,0;0,1}.

N: Converts numbers, booleans, and other values to a numeric projection.

=N(TRUE)

NA: Returns the #N/A error value.

=NA()

NE tests two values for inequality. Example: =NE(2,3) returns TRUE.

NEGBINOM.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible NEGBINOM.DIST statistical function. Example: =NEGBINOM.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

NEGBINOMDIST compatibility formula: Returns the non-cumulative negative-binomial probability.

=NEGBINOMDIST(10,5,0.25)

NETWORKDAYS: Counts whole workdays between two dates, excluding weekends and holidays. Example: =NETWORKDAYS("2012-10-1","2013-3-1",{"2012-11-22";"2012-12-4";"2013-1-21"}) returns 107.

NETWORKDAYS.INTL: Counts workdays between dates with custom weekend rules. Example: =NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2006,1,1),DATE(2006,2,1),"0010001",{"2006/1/2","2006/1/16"}) returns 20.

NOMINAL: nominal annual interest rate.

NORM.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible NORM.DIST statistical function. Example: =NORM.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

NORM.INV compatibility formula: Returns an inverse normal distribution value under the NORM.INV name.

=NORM.INV(0.908789,40,1.5)

NORM.S.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible NORM.S.DIST statistical function. Example: =NORM.S.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

NORM.S.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible NORM.S.INV statistical function. Example: =NORM.S.INV(0.5,1,1).

NORMDIST compatibility formula: Returns a normal distribution value.

=NORMDIST(42,40,1.5,TRUE)

NORMINV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible NORMINV statistical function. Example: =NORMINV(0.5,1,1).

NORMSDIST compatibility formula: Returns the cumulative standard normal distribution.

=NORMSDIST(1.333333)

NORMSINV compatibility formula: Returns the inverse standard normal distribution.

=NORMSINV(0.908789)

NOT: Returns the inverse of a logical value.

=NOT(TRUE)

NOW: Returns the current date and time as an Excel serial. Example: =NOW()-0.5 returns the serial for 12 hours before the injected clock time.

NPER: number of periods for an annuity.

NPV: net present value of periodic cash flows.

Converts a nonnegative number to one of the supported Chinese numeral styles.

Parses numeric text with explicit separators. Example: NUMBERVALUE("2.500,27",",",".") returns 2500.27.

ODD: Rounds a number away from zero to the nearest odd integer.

=ODD(0) returns 1.

ODDFPRICE: clean price for a security with an odd first coupon period.

ODDFYIELD: yield for a security with an odd first coupon period.

ODDLPRICE: clean price for a security with an odd last coupon period.

ODDLYIELD: yield for a security with an odd last coupon period.

OFFSET returns a shifted reference. Example: =OFFSET(A1,1,1) returns B2.

OR: Returns TRUE when any supplied logical value is TRUE.

=OR(FALSE,TRUE)

PDURATION: periods required for an investment to reach a target value.

PEARSON formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PEARSON statistical function. Example: =PEARSON(1,2,3).

PERCENTILE compatibility formula: Returns an inclusive percentile.

=PERCENTILE({1,2,3,4},0.5)

PERCENTILE.EXC formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PERCENTILE.EXC statistical function. Example: =PERCENTILE.EXC(1,2,3).

PERCENTILE.INC formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PERCENTILE.INC statistical function. Example: =PERCENTILE.INC(1,2,3).

PERCENTOF: Returns the proportion represented by one value or array within another.

=PERCENTOF({25},{100}) returns 0.25.

PERCENTRANK compatibility formula: Returns an inclusive percentage rank.

=PERCENTRANK({1,2,3,4},3)

PERCENTRANK.EXC formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PERCENTRANK.EXC statistical function. Example: =PERCENTRANK.EXC(1,2,3).

PERCENTRANK.INC formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PERCENTRANK.INC statistical function. Example: =PERCENTRANK.INC(1,2,3).

PERMUT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PERMUT statistical function. Example: =PERMUT(1,2,3).

PERMUTATIONA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PERMUTATIONA statistical function. Example: =PERMUTATIONA(1,2,3).

PHI formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PHI statistical function. Example: =PHI(1,2,3).

Returns stored phonetic metadata for a cell. Example: PHONETIC(A1) returns its furigana when available.

PI: Returns the mathematical constant pi.

=PI()*0 returns 0.

PIVOTBY creates a two-key summary by sum. Example: =PIVOTBY(A2:A5,B2:B5,C2:C5).

PMT: periodic payment for an annuity.

POISSON compatibility formula: Returns a Poisson distribution value.

=POISSON(2,5,TRUE)

POISSON.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible POISSON.DIST statistical function. Example: =POISSON.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

POW raises a base to an exponent. Example: =POW(2,3) returns 8.

POWER: Raises a number to a specified power.

=POWER(2,0) returns 1.

PPMT: principal payment for a period.

PRICE: clean price of a coupon security.

PRICEDISC: price of a discounted security.

PRICEMAT: price of a security paying interest at maturity.

PROB formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible PROB statistical function. Example: =PROB(1,2,3).

PRODUCT: Multiplies all numeric values in the supplied arguments.

=PRODUCT(1,2,3) returns 6.

Capitalizes each word and lowercases remaining letters. Example: PROPER("this is A TITLE") returns "This Is A Title".

PV: present value of an annuity.

QUARTILE compatibility formula: Returns an inclusive quartile.

=QUARTILE({1,2,3,4,5},1)

QUARTILE.EXC formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible QUARTILE.EXC statistical function. Example: =QUARTILE.EXC(1,2,3).

QUARTILE.INC formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible QUARTILE.INC statistical function. Example: =QUARTILE.INC(1,2,3).

QUERY runs a Google Visualization-style query over tabular data. Example: =QUERY({"A",1;"B",2},"select Col1 where Col2 > 1",0) returns "B".

QUOTIENT: Returns the integer portion of a division.

=QUOTIENT(-10,3) returns -3.

RADIANS: Converts an angle from degrees to radians.

=RADIANS(180) returns pi.

RAND: Returns a random decimal number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1.

=RAND() returns a value in the range [0,1).

RANDARRAY: Generates an array of random numbers with the requested shape and bounds.

=RANDARRAY(1,4,5,5,TRUE) returns {5,5,5,5}.

RANDBETWEEN: Returns a random integer between two inclusive bounds.

=RANDBETWEEN(7,7) returns 7.

RANK compatibility formula: Returns the rank of a number in a list.

=RANK(3,{1,2,3,4},0)

RANK.AVG formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible RANK.AVG statistical function. Example: =RANK.AVG(1,2,3).

RANK.EQ formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible RANK.EQ statistical function. Example: =RANK.EQ(1,2,3).

RATE: periodic interest rate for an annuity.

RECEIVED: amount received at maturity for a discounted security.

Extracts regex matches or capture groups. Example: REGEXEXTRACT("A12","[0-9]+") returns "12".

REGEXMATCH tests whether text matches a regular expression. Example: =REGEXMATCH("A12","[0-9]+") returns TRUE.

Replaces all or one regex match. Example: REGEXREPLACE("A12","[0-9]+","#") returns "A#".

Tests whether text matches a regular expression. Example: REGEXTEST("A12","[0-9]+") returns TRUE.

Resolves a host-authorized add-in procedure to a stable numeric registration id. Example: =REGISTER.ID("example","entry","JJ") returns the host's handle for entry.

Replaces characters at a one-based position. Example: REPLACE("abc",2,1,"X") returns "aXc".

Replaces text at a locale-defined DBCS byte position. Example: REPLACEB("abc", 2, 1, "x") returns "axc".

Repeats text a specified number of times. Example: REPT("-",3) returns "---".

Returns characters from the end of text. Example: RIGHT("Sale",2) returns "le".

Returns trailing text limited by a locale-defined DBCS byte count. Example: RIGHTB("abc", 2) returns "bc".

ROMAN: Converts an Arabic number to Roman numeral text.

=ROMAN(2024) returns "MMXXIV".

ROUND: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

=ROUND(-1.475,2) returns -1.48.

ROUNDDOWN: Rounds a number toward zero to a specified number of digits.

=ROUNDDOWN(-3.9,0) returns -3.

ROUNDUP: Rounds a number away from zero to a specified number of digits.

=ROUNDUP(-3.1,0) returns -4.

ROW returns a reference's first row number. Example: =ROW(C5) returns 5.

ROWS returns the number of rows in a reference. Example: =ROWS(A1:C2) returns 2.

RRI: equivalent growth rate for an investment.

RSQ formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible RSQ statistical function. Example: =RSQ(1,2,3).

RTD reads a host-managed real-time data cache. Example: =RTD("provider",,"price","MSFT").

Finds text case-insensitively with Excel wildcards. Example: SEARCH("b*","abc") returns 2.

Finds case-insensitive text using locale-defined DBCS byte positions. Example: SEARCHB("B", "abc") returns 2.

SEC: Returns the secant of an angle in radians.

=SEC(0) returns 1.

SECH: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a number.

=SECH(0) returns 1.

SECOND: Returns the second component from a time or date-time value. Example: =SECOND("4:48:18 PM") returns 18.

SEQUENCE: Generates a sequential array from a starting value and step.

=SEQUENCE(2,3,0,2) returns {0,2,4;6,8,10}.

SERIESSUM: Evaluates a power series from an initial value, step, and coefficients.

=SERIESSUM(2,0,1,{1,2,3}) returns 17.

SHEET: Returns the one-based index of a sheet.

=SHEET()

SHEETS: Returns the number of sheets in the workbook.

=SHEETS()

SIGN: Returns -1, 0, or 1 according to the sign of a number.

=SIGN(0) returns 0.

SIN: Returns the sine of an angle in radians.

=SIN(0) returns 0.

Excel-compatible text locale where every Unicode code point counts as one byte.

SINH: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.

=SINH(0) returns 0.

SKEW formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible SKEW statistical function. Example: =SKEW(1,2,3).

SKEW.P formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible SKEW.P statistical function. Example: =SKEW.P(1,2,3).

SLN: straight-line depreciation.

SLOPE formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible SLOPE statistical function. Example: =SLOPE(1,2,3).

SMALL formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible SMALL statistical function. Example: =SMALL(1,2,3).

SORT orders rows by one column. Example: =SORT(A1:B3,1,1).

SORTBY orders rows using one or more key arrays. Example: =SORTBY(A1:B3,B1:B3,1).

SORTN returns the first ranked rows after sorting. Example: =SORTN({3;1;2},2) returns {1;2}.

SPARKLINE renders numeric data as a compact text sparkline. Example: =SPARKLINE({1,3,2}) returns a three-glyph trend.

SPLIT divides text into a spilling row. Example: =SPLIT("a,b,c",",") returns {"a","b","c"}.

SQRT: Returns the positive square root of a number.

=SQRT(0) returns 0.

SQRTPI: Returns the square root of a number multiplied by pi.

=SQRTPI(0) returns 0.

STANDARDIZE formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible STANDARDIZE statistical function. Example: =STANDARDIZE(1,2,3).

STDEV compatibility formula: Returns the sample standard deviation.

=STDEV(1,2,3)

STDEV.P formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible STDEV.P statistical function. Example: =STDEV.P(1,2,3).

STDEV.S formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible STDEV.S statistical function. Example: =STDEV.S(1,2,3).

STDEVA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible STDEVA statistical function. Example: =STDEVA(1,2,3).

STDEVP compatibility formula: Returns the population standard deviation.

=STDEVP(1,2,3)

STDEVPA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible STDEVPA statistical function. Example: =STDEVPA(1,2,3).

STEYX formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible STEYX statistical function. Example: =STEYX(1,2,3).

STOCKHISTORY: Returns historical market data from a host-managed synchronous cache.

=STOCKHISTORY("MSFT",DATE(2024,1,1))

Replaces matching text, optionally only one occurrence. Example: SUBSTITUTE("a-b","-","/") returns "a/b".

SUBTOTAL: Calculates a subtotal for a range using a selected aggregation code.

=SUBTOTAL(9,A1:A3) returns the sum of A1:A3.

SUM function definition.

SUMIF: Adds values that satisfy one condition.

=SUMIF({1,2,3},">1",{10,20,30}) returns 50.

Sums values whose corresponding ranges satisfy every criterion.

SUMPRODUCT: Multiplies corresponding array elements and adds the products.

=SUMPRODUCT({2,3,4},{10,20,30}) returns 200.

SUMSQ: Returns the sum of the squares of numeric values.

=SUMSQ(0,3) returns 9.

SUMX2MY2: Returns the sum of the differences between corresponding squares.

=SUMX2MY2({1,2},{3,4}) returns -20.

SUMX2PY2: Returns the sum of the sums of corresponding squares.

=SUMX2PY2({1,2},{3,4}) returns 30.

SUMXMY2: Returns the sum of the squares of corresponding differences.

=SUMXMY2({1,2},{3,4}) returns 8.

SWITCH: Matches one expression and returns its paired result.

=SWITCH(2,1,"one",2,"two","other")

SYD: sum-of-years-digits depreciation.

Returns text values and an empty string for non-text values. Example: T("Excel") returns "Excel".

T.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible T.DIST statistical function. Example: =T.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

T.DIST.2T formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible T.DIST.2T statistical function. Example: =T.DIST.2T(1,1,TRUE).

T.DIST.RT formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible T.DIST.RT statistical function. Example: =T.DIST.RT(1,1,TRUE).

T.INV formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible T.INV statistical function. Example: =T.INV(0.5,1,1).

T.INV.2T formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible T.INV.2T statistical function. Example: =T.INV.2T(0.5,1,1).

T.TEST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible T.TEST statistical function. Example: =T.TEST(1,2,3).

TAKE keeps rows and columns. Example: =TAKE(A1:C3,2) keeps the first two rows.

TAN: Returns the tangent of an angle in radians.

=TAN(0) returns 0.

TANH: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

=TANH(0) returns 0.

TBILLEQ: bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill.

TBILLPRICE: price per 100 for a Treasury bill.

TBILLYIELD: discount yield for a Treasury bill price.

TDIST compatibility formula: Returns a one- or two-tailed Student t probability.

=TDIST(1.96,60,2)

Formats a value with an Excel format code. Example: TEXT(1234.5,"#,##0.00") returns "1,234.50".

Returns text after a delimiter occurrence. Example: TEXTAFTER("red-blue","-") returns "blue".

Returns text before a delimiter occurrence. Example: TEXTBEFORE("red-blue","-") returns "red".

Joins values with a delimiter and optional empty-value filtering. Example: TEXTJOIN(",",TRUE,"A","B") returns "A,B".

Splits text into a spill matrix. Example: TEXTSPLIT("A,B",",") returns {"A","B"}.

TIME: Converts hour, minute, and second parts into a fraction of one day. Example: =TIME(12,0,0) returns 0.5.

TIMEVALUE: Converts time text into the fractional part of one day. Example: =TIMEVALUE("2:24 AM") returns 0.1.

TINV compatibility formula: Returns the inverse two-tailed Student t value.

=TINV(0.05,10)

TO_DATE converts a number to its Excel date serial by removing its time fraction. Example: =TO_DATE(45351.75) returns 45351.

TO_DOLLARS converts a value to a dollar amount. Example: =TO_DOLLARS(12.5) returns 12.5.

TO_PERCENT converts a decimal to its percentage value. Example: =TO_PERCENT(0.25) returns 0.25 for percentage formatting.

TO_PURE_NUMBER strips display formatting and returns a number. Example: =TO_PURE_NUMBER("42") returns 42.

TO_TEXT converts a scalar to text. Example: =TO_TEXT(42) returns "42".

TOCOL flattens an array into one column. Example: =TOCOL(A1:B2).

TODAY: Returns the current date as an Excel serial without a time fraction. Example: =TODAY()+5 returns the serial for five days after the injected current date.

TOROW flattens an array into one row. Example: =TOROW(A1:B2).

Reads a previously loaded translation from the host cache. Example: TRANSLATE("hello", "en", "es") reads the cached result.

TRANSPOSE swaps array rows and columns. Example: =TRANSPOSE(A1:B2).

TREND formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible TREND statistical function. Example: =TREND(1,2,3).

Removes outer ASCII spaces and collapses internal runs. Example: TRIM(" a b ") returns "a b".

TRIMMEAN formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible TRIMMEAN statistical function. Example: =TRIMMEAN(1,2,3).

TRIMRANGE removes fully blank outer rows and columns. Example: =TRIMRANGE(A1:D5).

TRUE: Returns the logical value TRUE.

=TRUE()

TRUNC: Truncates a number toward zero to a specified number of digits.

=TRUNC(-3.9) returns -3.

TTEST compatibility formula: Returns a Student t-test probability.

=TTEST({1,2,3},{1,2,4},2,1)

TYPE: Returns the numeric type code for a formula value.

=TYPE(42)

UMINUS reverses a number's sign. Example: =UMINUS(3) returns -3.

UNARY_PERCENT converts a percentage value to its decimal. Example: =UNARY_PERCENT(25) returns 0.25.

Returns the Unicode character for a code point. Example: UNICHAR(9733) returns "★".

Returns the Unicode code point of the first character. Example: UNICODE("★") returns 9733.

UNIQUE returns distinct rows. Example: =UNIQUE({1;1;2}) returns 1 and 2.

UPLUS returns the numeric value unchanged. Example: =UPLUS("3") returns 3.

Converts letters to uppercase. Example: UPPER("Excel") returns "EXCEL".

Converts common numeric text to a number. Example: VALUE("$1,234.50") returns 1234.5.

Converts one value to concise or strict text. Example: VALUETOTEXT("A",1) returns "&quot;A&quot;".

VAR formula. Estimates sample variance for compatibility with legacy Excel workbooks. Example: =VAR(1,2,3).

VAR.P formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible VAR.P statistical function. Example: =VAR.P(1,2,3).

VAR.S formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible VAR.S statistical function. Example: =VAR.S(1,2,3).

VARA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible VARA statistical function. Example: =VARA(1,2,3).

VARP compatibility formula: Returns the population variance.

=VARP(1,2,3)

VARPA formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible VARPA statistical function. Example: =VARPA(1,2,3).

VDB: variable declining-balance depreciation.

VLOOKUP: Searches the first column of a table and returns a value from a selected column.

=VLOOKUP(2,{1,"A";2,"B"},2,FALSE) returns "B".

VSTACK joins arrays vertically. Example: =VSTACK({1,2},{3,4}).

Reads response text from a host-loaded HTTP cache. Example: WEBSERVICE("https://example.com/data.xml") returns cached XML.

WEEKDAY: Returns the day of week using the requested Excel return type. Example: =WEEKDAY("2008-2-14",2) returns 4.

WEEKNUM: Returns the week number of a date using Excel week-numbering rules. Example: =WEEKNUM("2012-3-9",2) returns 11.

WEIBULL compatibility formula: Returns a Weibull distribution value.

=WEIBULL(105,20,100,TRUE)

WEIBULL.DIST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible WEIBULL.DIST statistical function. Example: =WEIBULL.DIST(1,1,TRUE).

WORKDAY: Returns the date serial after moving a number of workdays from a start date. Example: =WORKDAY("2008-10-1",151,{"11/26/2008";"12/4/2008";"1/21/2009"}) returns 39938.

WORKDAY.INTL: Returns a workday-offset date serial with custom weekend rules. Example: =WORKDAY.INTL(DATE(2012,1,1),30,17) returns 40944.

WRAPCOLS wraps a vector by columns. Example: =WRAPCOLS({1,2,3},2,0).

WRAPROWS wraps a vector by rows. Example: =WRAPROWS({1,2,3},2,0).

XIRR: internal rate of return for irregular cash-flow dates.

XLOOKUP searches a vector and returns a corresponding value. Example: =XLOOKUP(2,{1,2},{"A","B"}).

XMATCH returns a position with modern MATCH modes. Example: =XMATCH("B",{"A";"B"}).

XNPV: net present value for irregular cash-flow dates.

XOR: Returns TRUE when an odd number of values are TRUE.

=XOR(TRUE,FALSE)

YEAR: Returns the year for a date serial. Example: =YEAR("7/5/2025") returns 2025.

YEARFRAC: Returns the fraction of a year represented by two dates. Example: =YEARFRAC("1/1/2012","7/30/2012",1) returns 0.5765027322404371.

YIELD: yield of a coupon security.

YIELDDISC: yield of a discounted security.

YIELDMAT: yield of a security paying interest at maturity.

Z.TEST formula. Evaluates the Excel-compatible Z.TEST statistical function. Example: =Z.TEST(1,2,3).

ZTEST compatibility formula: Returns the one-tailed z-test probability.

=ZTEST({3,6,7,8},4)

Computes Macaulay duration from a clean bond price.

Prices a coupon bond per 100 face value using a clean price.

Encodes zero-based coordinates as one numeric cell key.

Collects a scalar, array, or range argument into finite numeric cash flows.

Date arguments use whole serial days and reject boolean values.

Multi-cell schedules reject stored text rates even when the text is numeric.

NPV ignores nonnumeric cells in references without consuming a period.

Returns the coupon amount for a face value and annual coupon rate.

Creates the default formula locale provider used when no i18n plugin is installed.

Creates a built-in Excel-compatible date/time locale.

Creates a byte-oriented text locale from a character-width strategy.

Declining-balance depreciation for a one-based period.

Returns the number of days between two Excel serial dates for a basis.

Returns a standard #DIV/0! result for an undefined periodic payment.

Returns a standard #NUM! result for an invalid basis or date interval.

Returns a standard #VALUE! result for malformed financial inputs.

Returns the Excel year fraction for a financial basis.

Streams numeric values from a range without allocating an intermediate matrix.

Converts a finite number to Excel-style Thai baht and satang text.